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浙江高中英語語法范文

2023-10-08

浙江高中英語語法范文第1篇

一、 名詞:

1、專有名詞:(1)人名 (2)街道和建筑 (3)星期月份節日 (3)國家城市 (4)大洲大洋江湖

2、普通名詞:(1)直接加s(2)以s x ch sh結尾的+es(3)以 y結尾的把y 改成 i+es (4)o結尾的+es特

殊的photo→photos tomato→tomatoes (5)f、fe結尾的改 f、fe為 v+es ,⑹oo 結尾+szoo-zoos⑺ woman→women,child-children⑻ 單數復數形式相同

3、可數名詞:

4、不可數名詞:⑴不能加s⑵前面不能用 a,an,可以用 the⑶一類事物不可數名詞做主語,謂語動詞用單數⑷兩

類以上不可數名詞做主語,謂語用復數⑸ a cup of tea

5、名詞的所有格:⑴單數名詞詞尾+’s⑵詞尾不是s的復數名詞詞尾+’s⑶詞尾是s的復數名詞詞尾+’⑷店鋪教

堂某人的家時,所有格’s后面通常不出現它所修飾的名詞⑸分別+’s,最后一個人名+’s⑹ of用在沒有生命上,’s用在有生命上

二、冠詞:

6、不定冠詞 a an

7、定冠詞 the ⑴特定人或物⑵用于上文提到的人或事⑶世上獨一無二的事物⑷形容詞前⑸序數詞,形容詞最高級⑹由普通名詞構成的專有名詞前⑺樂器⑻姓氏的復數名詞前:一家人⑼ only very same前

8、不用定冠詞的情況:⑴國家地名人名⑵復數名詞⑶季節月份星期⑷三餐球類娛樂運動

三、 代詞

9、人稱代詞

10、物主代詞⑴形容性物主代詞my his her our their ⑵名詞性物主代詞mine his ours them

11、反身代詞myself

12、指示代詞thisthesethatthose

13、 疑問代詞whowhomwhosewhichwhat

14、 不定代詞⑴some,any,no修飾可數名詞,不可數名詞。Some肯定句any否定和疑問 no 用在肯定句中表示否定⑵many,much,a few,a little,few,little ⑶-body,-one,-thing.everybody,somebody,anybody,nobody,

everyone,someone,anyone,no one,everything,something,anything,nothing.

四、 形容詞

15形容詞種類和位置

16形容詞比較等級及構成:⑴以e結尾+er,+est.⑵以y結尾→ier→iest⑶重讀閉音節末尾只有一個輔音字母的雙寫詞尾+er,+est.⑷兩個或兩個以上音節的詞前+more+most.

17形容詞比較等級的用法:⑴兩者比較:s+形容詞原形+as⑵兩者比較:容詞比較級+than⑶三個比較:the+最高級+

范圍

五、 副詞

18副詞種類和位置

19副詞比較等級及構成 badly-worse-worst,much-more-must

20副詞比較等級的用途

六、 數詞

21基數詞:100,a/one handred101one handred and one,4000 four thousand1000000(一百萬)one million 1000000000

( 十億) one billion

22序數詞

23時刻表示法⑴5:30 five thirty或 half past five

⑵9:05 nine five或five past nine⑶6:50six fifth或ten to seven

⑷7:15 a quarter past seven或seven fifteen⑸8:45 a quarter to nine或eight forth-five 24日期表示法⑴2009年6月2日June 2nd,2009或2nd of June ,2009英語里面:月 日 年

⑵1995年 nineteenninety-five

1826年eigteen oh six

⑶5月8日寫May 8th讀May the eighth或May eight

小 學 英 語 語 法 總 結 2

⑷9月1日寫September 21(st)讀September the twenty-firstSeptember 或 twenty-one

25數詞其他幾種用法⑴1/3 one third2/5 two fifths

⑵21.6 twenty-one point six0.008 zero point zero zero eigth

⑶5%five percent0.8%zero point eight percent

⑷一倍once兩倍twice六倍six times

⑸第503房間Room 50315美元15dollors=$1英鎊1pound=£

七、 介詞

26時間介詞:at, on ,in, before, after, from, during

27方位介詞:on ,in, over, under, behind ,infront of,near,among

28其他一些常見介詞用法:by,in,for,of,about,like,with

八、 連詞和感嘆詞

29連詞:and, but, or, becausealthough/though,both……and,not only……but also,neither……nor既不……也不

(并列)either……or或者.....或者(選擇)

30感嘆詞

九、 動詞

31動詞種類⒈及物動詞直接接賓語。

2不及物動詞不直接接賓語。

3助動詞:do , does,did.

4.系動詞be,(am,is,are)look(看起來) smell( 聞起來)get(變得) become(成為) seem (似乎)turn

(變成)

5情態動詞:can,may,must,will,shall,should,need

32動詞基本形式

十、 動詞時態(一般現在時、一般過去時、一般將來時、現在進行時、現在完成時、過去進行時、過去

完成時、過去將來時共8個時態)

33一般現在時:⑴含有be動詞(am is are)⑵不含有be動詞動詞用三單、疑問句Do、Does,否定句don’t、doesn’t 34一般過去時:⑴含有be動詞(was were) ⑵不含有be動詞動詞變為過去式,疑問句Did否定句didn’t+yesterday… 35一般將來時:⑴主語+be(am is are) going to do⑵主語+will+動詞原形 ⑶主語+shall+動詞原形+tomorrow過去將來時:⑴主語+(was were) +動詞原形⑵主語+would+動詞原形

36現在進行時:⑴主語+be(am is are)+ 動詞ing

37過去進行時:⑴主語+be(werewas)+ 動詞ing

38現在完成時:主語+havehas+動詞過去分詞 since,

過去完成時:主語+had+動詞過去分詞

十一、 陳述句

39陳述句的分類

十二、 疑問句

40一般疑問句

41特殊疑問句:what,whose,who,which,when,where ,why,how(tall, old, long, many, much)

42選擇疑問句,反義疑問句

十三、 祈使句

十四、 感嘆句

1.What+a +形容詞+可數名詞單數+主語+謂語

2.How+形容詞+主語+謂語

3.How+ 副詞+主語+謂語

十五、 There be :There is,

浙江高中英語語法范文第2篇

“ Must we do it now?” “ No, you ______.”

A. won’tB. needn’tC. can’tD. don’t

2. You _____ to the meeting this afternoon if you have something important to do.

A. needn’t to comeB. don’t need comeC. don’t need comingD. needn’t come

3. “ May I pick a flower in the garden?” “ _________.”

A. No, you needn’tB. Not, pleaseC. No, you mustn’tD. No, you won’t

4. You’d better ______ late next time.

A. don’tB. not beC. not beingD. won’t be

5. “ Can I leave this door open at night?”“ You _____ .”

A. should better not B.would better not C.had better not D.had not better

6. Put on more clothes. You _____ be feeling cold with only a shirt on.

A. canB. couldC. wouldD. must

7. You _________ return the book now. You can keep it till next week if you like.

A. can’tB. mustn’tC. needn’tD. may not

8. A computer ______ think for itself; it must be told what to do.

A. can’tB. couldn’tC. may notD. might not

9.----Could I borrow your dictionary?---- Yes, of course you _______.

A. mightB. willC. canD. should

10. ----_______ we go skating or stay at home?---- Which would you rather do yourself?

A. ShallB. MustC. WillD. Should

11. Peter _______ come with us tonight, but he isn’t very sure yet.

A. mustB. mayC. canD. will

12. ----Shall I tell John about it?---- No, you _______. I’ve told him already.

A. needn’tB. wouldn’tC. mustn’tD. shouldn’t

13. ----- Don’t forget to come to my birthday party tomorrow.----- ___________.

A. I don’tB. I won’tC. I can’tD. I haven’t

14. It’s nearly seven o’clock. Jack _____ be here at any moment.

A. mustB. needC. shouldD.can

15.My brother called to say he was all right, but _______ say where he was.

A.mustn’tB.shouldn’tC.wouldn’tD.mightn’t

二 鞏固題

1.Your pen is here. That ______ be yours.

A. may notB. can’tC. must notD. can

2.--- You _____ wear a dress(禮服) tonight. You can’t go to the concert in those dirty jeans. ---- Yea, mother, I _____.

A. will; willB. may; canC. must ; willD. have to ; may

3. --- Bonny hasn’t come back yet.

--- Well, where_____ she have gone on such a night?

A. shouldB. mayC. mustD. could

4. I wish to use your bike, ______?

A. don’t IB. may IC. doID. shouldn’t I

5. See who’s there! ______ I t be Mary?

A. MayB. MustC. CanD. Will

6. ---- ______ the film be on now?

---- It ______be, but I’m not too sure.

A. Can, can’tB. May, mustn’tC. Must, needn’tD. Can, may

7. John _____ be a basketball player. He’s much too short.

A. mayB. mustn’tC. can’tD. should

8. You _____ call him, for(因為) he’ll surely come here soon.

A. needn’tB. mustn’tC. may notD. can’t

9. I talked for a long time, and in the end I _____ make him believe me.

A. was able toB. couldC. mayD. might

10. Please open the window, ______? (88,上海)

A. can’t youB. aren’t youC. do youD. will you

11. ---- Write to me when you get home.(01, 春招)

---- ____________.

A. I mustB. I shouldC. I willD. I can

12. --- I hear you’ve got a set of valuable Australian coins. _____ I have a look?( 02,上海春招)---- Yes, certainly.

A. DoB. MayC. Shalld. Should

13. My English –Chinese dictionary has disappeared . Who _______ have taken it? (03,上海春招)

A. shouldB. mustC. couldD. would

14.--- I hear they went skiing in the mountains last winter.(02, 北京)

--- It __________ true because there was little snow there.

A. may not beB. won’t beC. couldn’t beD. mustn’t be

15. A left- luggage office is a place where bags ______ be left for a short time, especially at a railway station.(03)

A. shouldB. canC. mustD.will

16. ---- Isn’t that Ann’s husband over there?

----- No, it ____ be him. I am sure he doesn’t wear glasses. (04 , 1)

A. can’tB. mustn’tC. won’tD. may not

17. You ___________ be tired ----- you’ve only been working for an hour.(04,2)

A. must notB. won’tC. can’tD. may not

18. I often see lights in that empty house. Do you think I ______ report it the police?(04,3)

A. shouldB. mayC. willD. can

19. Tom, you_____ leave all your clothes on the floor like this!(05,1,2)

A. wouldn’tB. mustn’tC. needn’tD. may not

20. The World Wide Web is sometimes jokingly called the world wide wait because it ______ be very slow.

浙江高中英語語法范文第3篇

一. 動詞是表示動作或處于某種狀態的詞,它分為行為動詞,系動詞、助動詞和情態動詞,動詞種類多,變化又復雜,是學習英語的難點之一,下面根據動詞的特點進行歸類,并提供一些辨別方法,以便于理解和掌握。

1. 行為動詞在動詞中數量最多,它含有實在的意義(又叫實義動詞),表示動作或狀態,在句中可以單獨作謂語,行為動詞又分為及物動詞和不及物動詞,及物動詞后面必須加賓語,意義才完整,不及物動詞后面不能直接帶賓語,常需要在賓語前加介詞才能帶賓語。

eg:

We study English very hard.

She has a book in her hand.

The sun rises in the east.

2. 連系動詞本身有一定詞義,但不能獨立作謂語,必須與表語一起構成謂語,常見的連系動詞有:be, look, sound, get, become等。

eg:

My parents are both farmers.

The milk tastes terrible.

The song sounds good.

3. 助動詞本身無詞義,不能獨立作謂語,必須和主要動詞構成謂語,表示疑問,否定,時態或其它語法形式。常見的助動詞有:be, have, do, will, shall等。

eg:

Do you have a brother?

Have you got an English-Chinese dictionary?

I didn’t go to the cinema yesterday.

4. 情態動詞本身有詞義,但不能獨立作謂語,只能和主要動詞一起構成謂語,表示說話者的語氣和情態,情態動詞沒有人稱和數的變化,情態動詞本身可以構成疑問和否定,常見的情態動詞有:can, may, must, will, shall, need等。

eg: Can you sing the English song?

Everyone must get to school on time.

二. 動詞的時態:

(一)時態概述:作謂語的動詞用來表示動作(情況)發生時間的各種形式稱為時態,英語中的時態,就是通過特殊的動詞詞尾或加一些相關的助動詞be, have(has)等,用來表示動作或事件發生的不同時間和方面。

eg: He reads newspapers every day.

He read the newspaper yesterday.

He is going to read the newspaper tomorrow.

(二)一般現在時:

1. 動詞變化:一般現在時主要用動詞原形表示,但第三人稱單數后要加詞尾-s,另外be和have有特殊的人稱形式。

在加詞尾-s時要注意: 情況 加法 例詞

一般情況 加-s reads, writes, says 以ch, sh, s, x, 或o收尾的詞 加-es teaches, washes, guesses, fixes, goes 以“輔音字母+y”結尾的詞 變y為i再加-es try-tries carry-carries 讀音:

情況 讀法 例詞

在[p][t][k][f]等清輔音后 〔s〕 helps, hates, asks, laughs 在[s][z][ ][t ][d3]等音后 〔iz〕 faces, rises, wishes, watches, urges 在其他情況下 〔z〕 plans, cries, shows

2. 一般現在時主要表示:

(1)經常性或習慣性的動作,常與這樣的時間狀語連用:always, often, usually, sometimes等

eg: We always help each other.

It often snows in winter.

I get up early every morning.

(2)表示主語現在的特征、性格、能力等。

eg: He loves sports.

Jane is an outgoing girl.

Tom and Tim both have medium height.

(3)表示客觀、普遍真理

eg:

Two and four makes six.

Water boils at 100℃

The moon moves round the earth.

3. 一般現在時的疑問句一般以在句首加助動詞do,does的方式構成。第三人稱單數加does,其他加do,這時動詞一概用原形;動詞be只需與主語位置對調就行了。

eg: Do you like English?

Do they have story books?

What does she do every evening?

Is she at home?

Are you good at English?

4. 一般現在時的否定式是do not(don’t)或does not (doesn’t)+動詞原形來構成的,be動詞做謂語動詞只需在be后加not構成否定。

eg:

I don’t like oranges at all.

She doesn’t work in the TV station.

They aren’t students.

I’m not busy every weekend.

三. 現在進行時:

1. 動詞變化:現在進行時由“am /is /are+動詞現在分詞”構成。加-ing的規則如下:

(1)一般在動詞原形末尾加-ing。如:

stay-staying

do-doing

listen-listening suffer-suffering

work-working spend-spending

look-looking

(2)以不發音的字母e結尾的動詞,先去掉e,再加-ing。如:

make-making take-taking

give-giving

ride-riding

please-pleasing refuse-refusing

close-closing operate-operating

(3)以一個輔音字母結尾的重讀閉音節詞,先雙寫這個輔音字母,再加-ing。如:

put-putting

sit-sitting

run-running

win-winning

begin-beginning

2. 現在進行時的用法

(1)表示說話時正在進行或發生的動作,這時可以不用時間狀語,也可以和now, at present, at the moment等時間狀語連用。有時用一個動詞,如look(看),listen(聽)。

eg: What are you reading now?

Listen! Someone is singing in the classroom.

(2)表示當前一段時期的活動或現階段正在進行的動作。

eg: They are working in a factory these days.

More and more people are giving up smoking.

(3)表示最近按計劃或安排要進行的動作。

現在進行時有時可表示一個在最近按計劃或安排要進行的動作,即可以用來代替將來時。

eg: When are you leaving?

Are you going to Tibet tomorrow?

3. 現在進行時的否定句和疑問句比較簡單。否定句在be(am, is, are)后面加not;疑問句把be動詞移到主語前。

eg:

I am not working.

What are you reading now?

How are you feeling today?

The train isn’t arriving soon.

四. 一般過去時:

1. 動詞變化:一般過去時主要表示過去的動作或狀態,在句中由主語+動詞的過去式來表達。 構成規則 原形 過去式 一般在動詞末尾加-ed work plant play worked planted played 結尾是e的動詞在末尾加-d like live change liked lived changed 末尾只有一個輔音字母的重讀閉音節詞,先雙寫這個輔音字母,再加-ed plan(計劃) stop drop planned stopped dropped 以輔音字母加y結尾的,先變y為i再加-ed carry study cry carried studied cried

否定式 疑問式 否定疑問式 簡單回答

I did not work. Did I work? Did I not work? Yes, you did. No, you didn’t.

You did not work. Did you work? Did you not work? Yes, I did. No, I didn’t.

He / She / It did not work. Did he / she / it work? Did he / she / it not work? Yes, he / she / it /did. No, he /she /it didn’t.

We did not work. Did we work? Did we not work? Yes, you did. No, you didn’t.

You did not work. Did you work? Did you not work? Yes, we did. No, we didn’t.

They did not work. Did they work? Did you they not work? Yes, they did. No, they didn’t.

2. 一般過去時的基本用法:

(1)帶有確定的過去時間狀語時,要用過去時。(eg: yesterday, last year, just now, two days ago, in the old days等)

eg: He left just now.

Lei Feng was a good soldier.

What did you have for breakfast this morning?

(2)表示過去某一段時間內經?;蚍磸桶l生的動作,這時常和表示頻度的狀語連用。

eg: Last term we often did experiments.

He always went to work by bus. 五. be going to 表示一般將來

1. 用法:表示現在打算在最近或將來要做的事,或表示說話人根據已有的跡象認為很有可能要發生的事情,be隨著人稱的變化變成(am, is, are)

eg: We are going to have a new subject this year.

It’s going to rain this afternoon.

I’m going to be a pilot when I grow up.

2. be going to 的否定句在be動詞后加上not;be going to 的疑問句把be動詞移到主語前。

eg:

He isn’t going to see his brother tomorrow.

I’m not going to tell you about it.

Who’s going to use it?

Is your sister going to bring your lunch?

What are you going to do next Sunday.

【模擬試題】(答題時間:70分鐘) 一. 改錯:

例1:The rose dark red. →The rose is dark red.

1. He very likes swimming.

2. He can helps you.

3. We haven’t a good time.

4. What are you do after school every day?

5. Sometimes I listen music. sometimes I play outside.

6. The fish smells not good.

7. We should buy some chicken. There are little left.

8. There have many birds in the sky.

9. My mother’s glasses is broken.

10. A pair of shoes are nearly one thousand.

11. What colour are her hair?

12. Does he his homework?

13. A: Do you like your class?

B: Yes. I like.

14. He always do his shopping on Friday evening.

15. I very sorry I forgot your birthday.

16. I have no brother and sister.

二. 連詞組句:

1. listen, morning, the, to, I, radio, the, in, often

2. of, men, nurses, good, sick, hospital, care, in, take, the

3. weekdays, he, the, goes, cinema, never, during, the, to

4. computer, got, new, you, a, have?

5. weekends, he, rest, does, a, got, have, on?

6. good, Li Ming, do, and, often, I deeds

7. museum, they, the, often, science, visit, how, do?

8. the, in, any, there, kitchen, food, is?

9. homework, does, day, when, Tom, his, every, where, and, do?

10. a, there, vegetables, many, but, apples, aren’t, lot, there, of, are, there

三. 用括號里的動詞的適當形式填空:

1. There (be)______some glasses on it.

2. He (go)______to the park every day.

3. My uncle (live)______ in Nanjing now.

4. ______ Lucy and Lily (like)______China?

5. Li Lei(not like)______ to drink orange soda.

6. The girl (go)______ home at 4:30 in the afternoon.

7. ______ Kate (speak)______ French? Yes, she does.

8. Jim (not ride)______his bike often.

9. If he (be)______ free tomorrow, he (go)______ with us.

10. As soon as they (get)______ there next month, he (call)______me.

11. ______Li Ming’s father (have)______ his lunch at home?

12. Tom (not do)______the morning exercises often.

13. I (be)______ hungry and my sister (be)______ thirsty.

14. The baby (have)______ curly hair.

15. Everybody (have)______ a chance to win.

16. I (clean)______ my room once a week.

17. Nobody(tell)______ them anything.

18. There (be)______ a lot of chicken on the plate.

19. Mr. Li (teach)______ the second grade.

20. The boy (watch)______ TV every evening.

21. Mary (play)______the violin quite well.

22. David (study)______Chinese and I (study)______ English.

23. The game (be)______ interesting.

24. Many children (be)______ on the playground.

25. He (have)_______ a good time at your party.

26. I (have)______ a new bicycle.

四. 用所給詞的適當形式填空:

1. Tom and his father ______(swim)now.

2. Look! They ______(run)along the street.

3. We ______(practice)hard these days because we will have a big match next month.

4. What ______he ______(do)at nine o’clock last night?

5. They ______(listen)to the music at that time.

6. When the headmaster came in, the students______(read)the text.

7. We ______(watch)TV when suddenly the telephone rang.

8. She ______(make)the paper flowers the whole night.

9. A: _______ you ______(studying)English?

B: Yes, I am.

10. Let’s go out. It ______(not rain)now.

11. Hurry up! Everybody ______(wait)for you.

12. A: ______(you / listen)to the radio?

B: No, You can turn it off.

13. I ______(watch)TV at seven o’clock yesterday evening.

14. A: What ______(you / look)for?

B: I ______(look)for my wallet. There is something important in it.

15. Look. It ______(rain)hard. We’ll get wet if we go out.

五. 選詞填空:

(一)選詞填空:

1. I ______(am, is, was, were)busy last week.

2. Tom and I ______(am, are, was, were)late for school yesterday.

3. I ______(walk, walks, walked, walking)to school the other day.

4. Rose ______(does not, didn’t, has been, has to)visit her uncle the month before last(month)

5. There ______(is, was, are, were)a lot of people in this village ten years ago.

6. Mother ______(am, is, was, were)ill in bed last night.

7. It ______(rain, rains, rained, raining)a lot last year.

(二)用括號中動詞的適當形式填空:

1. My uncle in London ______(send)a birthday present to me yesterday.

2. When ______(be)you born?

3. As soon as he arrived in the country, he ______(phone)me.

4. When I ______(knock)at his door, he was cooking.

5. We were watching TV when the light ______(go)out.

6. He said he ______(not like)maths at all.

(三)用括當的詞完成下列句子。

1. ______you make this cake last night? Yes. I did. I _______it for you.

2. Did Tom _______ home at five yesterday?

No, he _______. He came home at six.

3. What _______ you _______ at the store? I bought a camera.

4. Were you at home yesterday? Yes, I _______.

5. Where did you catch the fish? I _______ it in the river near my house.

六. 完成下列句子:

1. 你長大了想當什么?我打算當個電腦程序員。

What _____ you ______ ______ _______ when you ______ _______?

I’m ______ to _______ a _______ _______.

2. 你哥哥長大了打算當什么?他打算當個專業的籃球運動員。

What _____ your brother _____ _________ ______ when he ______ _______?

He’s _____ to ______ a _______ _________ player.

3. 你打算怎么做?我打算學計算機學。

_____ are you ______ ________ ________ that? I’m _____ _______ _______ computer _______.

4. 你哥哥打算怎么做?他打算每天練籃球。

_____ is your brother _____ _____ _____?

He’s _____ ______ _________ basketball every day.

5. 她打算下學期上一些表演課嗎?是的。

______ she ______ _______ _________ some ______ lessons?

Yes, she ________.

【試題答案】

1. He likes swimming.

2. He can help you.

3. We don’t have a good time.

4. What do you do after school every day?

5. Sometimes I listen to music, sometimes I play outside.

6. The fish doesn’t smell good.

7. We should buy some chicken. There is little left.

8. There are many birds in the sky.

9. My mother’s glasses are broken.

10. A pair of shoes is nearly one thousand.

11. If he doesn’t feel well he will go to visit the History Museum.

12. What colour is her hair?

13. Does he do his homework?

14. A: Do you like your class?

B: Yes. I do.

15. He always does his shopping on Friday evening.

16. I am sorry I forgot your birthday. 二.

1. I often listen to the radio in the morning.

2. Nurses take good care of sick men in the hospital.

3. He never goes to the cinema during the weekdays.

4. Have you got a new computer?

5. Does he have a rest on weekends?

6. Li Ming and I often do good deeds.

7. How often do you visit the science museum?

8. Is there any food in the kitchen?

9. When and where does Tom do his homework every day?

10. There are a lot of vegetables but there aren’t many apples there.

Or: There are a lot of apples but there aren’t many vegetables there. 三. 1. are 2. goes 3. lives 4. Do, like 5. doesn’t like

6. goes 7. Does, speak 8. doesn’t ride

9. is, will go 10. get, will call 11. Does, have

12. doesn’t do 13. am, is 14. has

15. has 16. clean 17. tells 18. is

19. teaches 20. watches 21. plays 22. studies, study

23. is 24. are 25. has 26. have 四. 1. are swimming 2. are running 3. are practicing

4. was, doing 5. were listening 6. were reading

7. were watching 8. was making 9. Are, studying

10. isn’t raining 11. is waiting 12. Are you listening

13. was watching 14. are you looking, am looking

15. is raining 五.

(一)1. was 2. were 3. walked 4. did not

5. were 6. was 7. rained

(二)1. sent 2. were 3. phoned 4. knocked 5. went

6. didn’t like

(三)1. Did, made 2. come, didn’t 3. did, buy 4. was

5. caught 六.

1. are, going, to, be, grow, up, going, be, computer, programmer

2. is, going, to, be, grows, up, going, be, professional, basketball.

3. How, going, to, do, going, to, study, science

4. How, going, to, do, that, going, to, play

浙江高中英語語法范文第4篇

【關鍵詞】構式語法 英語語法 教學啟示

一、引言

語法教學在中學英語教學中起著舉足輕重的作用,現行的中學英語語法教學方式單一,多以傳統語法為基礎,強調規約性,對描寫性重視不夠;強調語法形式,對意義關注不夠,使得學生對語法學習的興趣和熱情不高。脫胎于認知語言學的構式語法( construction grammars)從理論上揭示語言的本質、結構和功能, 對語言學習理論也產生了很大影響。構式語法強調通過對語言的使用形成以概括(generalization)為基礎的語言習得機制,所倡導的語言習得理念可以為中學英語語法教學提供新的視角。本文以構式語法理論為基礎,探索構式語法理論對中學英語語法教學的啟示及其蘊含的教學理念。

二、構式語法簡介

20世紀90年代,Adele E. Goldberg &Kay共同提出了構式語法(construction grammar)。構式語法,這一從認知語法中派生出來的新型語法理論日益受到學者們的親睞。構式語法與生成語法所主張的原子組合觀不同,構式語法認為語言是“規約語言單位的結構化清單,強調構式形式與功能的統一表征”。Goldberg認為“任何形式或意義的一些方面不能從其組成部分或其他先前已有的構式中完全推知的語言表達形式都看作是構式”。構式語法主張從句法、語義、語用、文化等角度來系統分析構式。

構式語法強調語言的實際學習和使用情況,在構式語法看來,語言能力就是使用自然語言構式的能力。構式語法認為語言是由形式各異的構式組成的,因此對語言的習得就可以歸結為對構式的習得。首先習得范圍狹窄的構式,通過反復的練習逐漸習得一些具體的語言結構,最后習得抽象復雜的構式。

三、構式語法對英語語法教學的啟示

構式語法在英語語法教學上與生成語法所持的觀點不同。傳統的語法教學僅要求學生記住語法規則和結構,忽視理解語法本身的意義,以機械性操練為主,師生課堂互動機會少,學生只是死記硬背。此外,生成語法試圖歸納出一套放之四海而皆準的規則來解釋語言的本質及現象。然而,事實并非如此。例如:The more you practice, the easier it will get. 這句話的結構與一般句子不同,所以生成語法的規則可能無法解釋這句話的本質。相反,構式語法在上述問題中可能會更有解釋力。

構式語法認為,語言是由各種類型的構式組成的,所有構式都是形和義的配對體。構式語法將構式看作是語法的基本組成部分,認為語言中的詞素、詞匯、詞法和句法是一個連續體。這一主張對英語語法教學有下列啟示作用:

1.構式語法強調語法是由構式組成的,每個構式都有獨特的意義。因此,教師在語法教學中要讓學生明白每個基本構式的含義,而不是忽略含義不加考慮的背誦語法規則。根據這一思想,教師在日常教學中要將語法放在具體的生活情境中,這樣可以生動的突顯語法本身的意義,促進理解。

2.構式語法強調詞匯和語法之間并非涇渭分明而是構成了一個意義的連續體。這一思想對英語語法教學的啟示是:要將詞匯和句法相結合。兩種構式的自然銜接可以讓學生更加流暢的習得語法、使用語言。學習語言的目的是用語言來表達想法。從這個角度看,割裂詞匯構式和句法構式的連續關系是十分不妥的,這也就進一步表明了教學過程中要秉承詞匯構式、句法構式并重的理念。

3.從具體構式到圖式構式,再到具體構式的主張可以為日常的英語語法教學提供指導。例如,對高中英語“虛擬語氣”的講授,教師可以將其放在真實的情境中并采用歸納的方式。在真實的情境下展示一系列與“虛擬語氣”有關的句子,通過觀察句子特征,了解該語法要傳遞的意義,引導學生找出規律,總結出相關語法構式。這樣的做法符合意義與形式統一理念。教師在今后的語法教學中也可以借鑒此種模式。例如,在講授“過去進行時”時,可以從帶領學生復習之前學過的構式現在進行時入手,通過轉換時間狀語向學生逐漸呈現含有過去進行時的句子,最后設置信息溝與學生在真實語境下交流互動,引導學生歸納出語法構式。這樣的做法更加注重構式形式與意義的互動性與交流性。

4.之前提到的The more you practice, the easier it will get.這句話可以用構式語法來解釋。該句子的構式為“The X-er, the Y-er”。這種構式可以被看作是一種圖式性構式,教師在課堂上如果能將這一思想深入淺出地傳遞給學生,用這一理念向學生解釋該句子,語法學習效率會提高。兒童在日常語言實例中不斷進行抽象、概括,進而得到一系列的語言構式。從這個角度看,構式語法中蘊藏著一些以人為本的思想,筆者認為這與現今的“學生中心論”相契合。

四、結語

傳統的教學語法過多地關注語法形式,忽略意義,不符合語言的教學與學習規律,給語言學習,特別是外語學習帶來了一定的難度。構式語法以語言運用作為認知基礎,把構式看成是形式與意義及功能的結合體,強調構式作為整體的構式義。構式語法強調以概括為基礎的構式習得觀,認為語法構式來源于學習者對其語言運用實例的抽象和概括,符合語言學習和外語學習的一般規律。

構式語法視閾下的語法教學內容包括形式和意義兩部分,形式部分包括構式的語音特征、形態特征和句法特征:意義部分包括語義特征、語用特征和語篇功能特征,構式的形式和意義之間的對應關系由“象征對應連接鏈”連接。在語法教學過程中,教師應盡可能創建特定語境,盡可能展現語法構式形式和意義的各個層面。根據構式語法的理念,語法構式的教學應遵循從具體構式到一般構式、從原型構式到非原型構式、從簡單構式到復雜構式的教學方法; 強調構式的形式與意義并重。

參考文獻:

[1]Goldberg,A.E.et al.2005.“The role of prediction in construction-learning”.Journal of Child Language 32.

[2]Goldberg,A.E.2006.Constructions at Work.Oxford:Oxford University Press.

[3]Goldberg,A.E.2006.Constructions at Work:The nature of generalization in language[M].Oxford:Oxford University Press.

[4]Goldberg,A.E.2009a.The nature of generalization in language[J].Cognitive Linguistics(20):93-127.

[5]Goldberg,A.E.2009b.Constructions work[J].Cognitive Linguistics(20):201-24.

[6]Ellis,N.C.2006.Cognitive perspectives on SLA[J].AILA Review(19):100-21.

[7]Ellis,N.C.&T.Cadierno.2009.Constructing a second language[J].Annual Review of Cognitive Linguistics(7):111-39.

[8]李小華,王立非.第二語言習得的構式語法視角:構式理論與啟示[J].外語學刊,2010(2):107-111.

浙江高中英語語法范文第5篇

1.Writing is aslow process, requiring ____ thought, time and effort.

A) significant

B) considerable

C) great

D) numerous

2. Thank you forapplying for a position with our firm. We do not have any openings at thistime, but we shall keep your application on ____ for two months.

A) pile

B) portion

C) sequence

D) file

3. Only a selectednumber of landladies in the neighbourhood have been allowed by the universityto take in _____.

A) residents

B) inhabitants

C) lodgers

D) settlers

4 .During theconference the speaker tried to _____to them his feelings concerning theurgency of a favorable decision.

A) comply

B) impose

C) imply

D) convey

5. He ____ hiscontrol by making his students quiet.

A) assessed

B) asserted

C) acquired

D) monitored

6. If you want toget into that tunnel, you first have to ____ away all the rocks.

A) repel

B) pull

C) transfer

D) dispose

7.Do you believethese two ____ friends used to be bitter enemies

A) intimate

B) emotional

C) intense

D) supreme

8. Although mostdreams apparently happen______, dream activity may be provoked by externalinfluences.

A)spontaneously

B) simultaneously

C) homogeneously

D)instantaneously

9. According tothe instructions we received, we cannot accept photocopies(復

印件), but need the ___

A) source

B) resources

C) origin

D) original

10. _____ thepopular belief that classical music is too complex, it achieves a simplicitythat only a genius can create.

A) Subject to

B) Contrary to

C) Familiar to

D) Similar to

參考答案:

浙江高中英語語法范文第6篇

【摘要】歌謠是一門藝術,她具有語言的表達力和藝術的感染力.英語歌謠簡單易懂、輕快直觀,迎合小學生的心理特點。將英語歌謠引入小班化教學是學生英語學習的重要橋梁,是教師課堂教學的重要手段之一,是提高課堂效率的一項重要改革舉措。 【關鍵詞】英語歌謠 小班化 高效課堂

隨著農村小學學生人數的減少,一些還未進行教育資源整合的學校,開展小班化教學已成為必然。從課堂教學的角度來看,小班化英語教學的空間大為增加,師生間、學生間的交流和互動的頻率與密度隨之增大,教師利用擴大了的空間與充滿人性的教育環境,使每一個學生都有了充分展示自我的時間與空間,并通過加強指導與交往,提高了對學生的學習乃至人格的影響,從而大大增強了每個學生接受教育資源的程度。本人在嘗試小班化教學的同時,將更多的歌謠引入英語課堂教學,有效地提高了課堂教學效果,促進了學生英語整體水平的提高。

一、英語歌謠在小班化教學中的意義

1、歌謠有助于激發兒童學習英語的熱情

興趣是最好的老師。英語歌謠節奏明快,語言簡潔,學生唱起來瑯瑯上口。如果學生在唱歌謠時再加上簡單的動作,他們就會又唱又跳,覺得學英語是一件很快樂的事,從而對英語產生濃厚的興趣,學英語的熱情也就會大大提高。歌謠通常是一些幽默故事,可為學生帶來無限的快樂。在課堂上讓學生唱歌謠,我發現學生顯的非常開心,有的跟音樂節奏擺動身體,有的跟著節奏拍手,不難發現他們很喜歡唱歌謠。在充滿童趣的歌謠學習中,有效的提高了課堂的效率。

2、歌謠有助于創設輕松愉快的課堂氛圍,消除學習疲勞 良好的課堂氣氛是傳遞知識的無聲媒介,能使學生的智力活動處

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于最佳狀態。上課鈴一響,讓學生唱一首歌謠,可調動學生的學習情緒,激起學生學習興趣,創造了輕松、愉快的課堂氣氛。進入課堂中段,經過較長時間的知識輸入,學生或多或少地產生疲態。歌謠富有節奏感、生動有趣,這時插入歌謠一方面可幫助消除學生的疲勞,另一方面學生可在唱唱、跳跳這種無意識的狀態下記憶知識,運用英語,保持了課堂教學氣氛的輕松愉快。在課堂結束階段,歌謠更可把課堂教學推向高潮,如在“牛津小學英語6AUnit5”開始和結束時讓學生學唱歌謠“Old Macdonald”,這首歌謠節奏感強,歌詞中含有動物叫聲的擬聲詞,模擬人類叫聲的字母組合“E-I-E-I-O”,簡單而易懂,學生很喜愛唱,給課堂營造了歡樂的氣氛把教學推向高潮,留給學生意猶未盡的感受。因而,歌謠在課堂起到輕松愉快的作用。

3、歌謠有助于增強學生的自信心,減輕學生的心理負擔 在牛津小學英語5A、5B、6A、6B課文中,部分內容顯得容量大,句子長。要讀長長的句子對學生來說,具有一定的困難,很容易令他們對英語失去興趣,造成心理上的壓力。但如果英語老師把長句子編成歌讓學生唱,他們跟隨悠揚的節奏,反復唱誦,長句子就很容易的被記住。如:6A第一單元,在課前,我讓學生先通過錄音機學唱《The signs in the park.》課上我用多媒體動畫讓他們理解歌詞大意,再讓學生大聲地跟老師或同學唱,用歌聲消除他們心中那份害羞和自卑感,從而使孩子們變得大膽而自信,降低學習課文的難度。

4、歌謠有助于讓學生得到美的熏陶

音樂教育是對青少年進行美育、塑造靈魂的最重要的手段之一。歌謠優美的旋律,富有節理的歌詞常常令學生受到美的熏陶,思想上受到教育。通過對歌曲的唱誦,學生可從中感受到旋律的美,思想上的教育,形象思維的啟發。

二、英語歌謠在小班化教學中的實踐意義 1.強化新知識記憶

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單一的知識傳授令課堂顯得繁瑣,學生頭腦發脹,記憶力減退。將歌謠引入小班化教學中,在課堂上引用歌謠讓學生玩一玩,唱一唱,調動起學生的學習情緒,觸發學生的情緒記憶,這對加強新知識的記憶有較大的幫助。實踐證明利用歌曲可促進學生產生對知識的渴望,在課堂上可以幫助強化新知識的記憶,這是行之有效的教學方法。通過唱歌,可以幫助學生操練課文句子,強化新知識的記憶,有助于增強學生進行人際交往的信心。

2.傳授語音、語法與詞匯

在教學中總有一些令學生困擾的概念,句型,語音,單憑講又難以理解。將歌謠引入小班化教學中,就為此提供了一種解決的方法,就是讓學生唱,玩,從中得出區分的方法。如在This is the way.這一歌謠中,著重訓練了這個音素“mop”,“pots”,“wash”均含有[?]音,而且這些單詞反復吟唱,記憶深刻,效果良好,中間又與“floor”,“morning”含[?:]音素,“early”所含的[?:]音素以及“so”含的[?u]音素相對比,辨音清晰,事半功倍。

3、激發學生學習興趣

要學要記的英語單詞、語句融于歌曲中,生動、活潑,瑯瑯上口,給學生以全新的視聽享受,這在客觀上調動了學生的積極性。如我在教 “How are you?”這首歌曲時:用握手表示慰問“Hello! Hello! How are you?”(你好嗎?);豎起兩只大拇指并點頭表示“I’m fine.”(我很好);用拱手致意表示“Thank you, thank you very much.”(非常感謝。)學生看了之后很快就明白了其中的意思,于是課堂上到處都充滿了用這首歌“互相致意問候”的快樂童音,課堂氣氛異?;钴S,學生們無拘無束地在學中玩,在玩中學著。他們的情感得到了輕松的體驗,從而也對英語產生了濃厚的興趣,有了興趣,就有了信心,英語學習也就突飛猛進。

4、了解中英文化知識背景的差異

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學習英語必須聯系中英的文化差異。在中國有新年、清明等傳統節日。英國也有中國所沒有的節日,如圣誕節、復活節等。學習其語言就應學習其文化,可單是講,內容多,沉悶,沒興趣,這時如果選一些圣誕歌謠讓學生聽一聽,唱一唱,創設一種英國文化氣息,在向學生介紹圣誕節的知識,收到的效果就有效得多。如在6A At Christmas這一課時教學中,我在課室里播放“We wish a Merry Christmas!”,渲染圣誕的節日氣氛,我還裝扮成圣誕老人,找一些有圣誕特色的物品裝飾教室,用以引起學生的興趣,讓學生對這些物品的由來自由提問,通過這一環節,幾乎每個學生都積極參與了活動。然后播放“Here Comes Santa Claus”、“Silent Night”轉到圣誕老人、圣誕夜、時間、食物、聚會、圣誕樹等知識介紹,拓展學生的知識面。在這一課堂中歌謠始終貫穿其中,用以保持學生的濃厚的好奇心與求知欲。通過歌謠,學生可以了解到英國文化中的一部分,并從中感受到這一文化的魅力。

三.英語歌謠在小班化教學中的具體運用

1、復習舊知識

艾賓浩斯的遺忘曲線也表明,機械程度高的學習材料習得后的遺忘呈先快后慢的規律,習得后兩天內的遺忘多達70%,以后的遺忘速度明顯減慢。據此,應在大量遺忘之前及時安排復習,如果我們利用歌謠來復習學過的知識,這樣,既可分散進行,也不會給學生造成負擔。

2、導入新課內容

唱英語歌謠能巧妙自然地引出新授課內容。把需要學生掌握的單詞、句子填入學生熟悉的曲調中,學生既感到熟悉,又有些新鮮,在輕輕松松中掌握了新知識。例如在教數字 One , two, three„„ ten時,我利用一首英文數字歌“Numbers”來教授。一放歌曲,那輕松而又愉快的節奏深深地吸引了學生。同時設計一些手勢來表示不同的

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數字并與他們一起唱。這樣,在不知不覺中,學生已經初步掌握了one,two,three„„ten等數字。在這基礎上,他們再學數字one——ten就容易多了。

3、調整注意

小學生具有好奇、好動、注意力不能長時間集中的特點。采用聽、唱英語歌謠的教學手段,將語言與音樂情境結合,創造生動、活潑的課堂學習氛圍。兒童隨著歌曲的旋律,耳中聽、口中唱、腦中想,各種感官協調并用,既能放松肢體,又舒緩腦力,從而精神振奮、興趣盎然,注意力重新集中起來。

4、鞏固知識

利用兒歌來刺激孩子們的大腦神經興奮點,對鞏固記憶有一定的效果。如我在教學生寫字母時編這樣的兒歌:四線三格,大寫字母上兩格、可頂格;小寫字母認準格、撐滿格。

實踐證明,將英語歌謠引入小班化教學中,能調動學生的多種感官,對幫助學生記憶單詞,完成教學起到了促進的作用,讓他們在樂中學,學中樂,是一種成功的行之有效的提高教學效率的教學方法,而由此獲得的知識和情感,必將給孩子們未來的英語學習奠定扎實的基礎。愿英語歌謠在英語課堂教學中更加美麗地綻放。 【參考文獻】1《英語教育法》

2《小學英語課程標準解讀》 3《小班化教育理念與實踐》

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